Ilḥād & Zandaqah: What are they? Why do they stand as a Major Problem?

The Islāmic Sharī’ah has been codified and is pure from flaws and defects. After it had crystallized and stood in its pristine form, surviving the tides of time, its nomenclature and terminology were used for specific Sharī’ah-related and technical meanings.

For example, in the classical texts and Islamic works, wherever the word ‘Kitāb’ is mentioned, it refers to the Noble Qur’ān; the pure word of Allāh Ta’ālā revealed upon Sayyidunā Muḥammad Rasūlullāh ṣallallāhu ‘alayhi wa sallam – the final Messenger of Allāh Ta’ālā. If anyone says that now this ‘Kitāb’ refers to any written book, he or she will be declared ignorant. In the same way, wherever the word ‘Sunnah’ is mentioned in Islāmic teaching or Shar’ī discussions, it will refer to the Sunnah of Sayyidunā Muḥammad Rasūlullāh ṣallallāhu ‘alayhi wa sallam only.

Ilḥād & Zandaqah

Once the Sharī’ah has been stipulated and prescribed for man, if someone will abandon the Shar’ī meanings and take the lexical meanings, he will be committing Ilḥād. This is, in essence, Taḥrīf fid-Dīn, i.e., interpolation of the religion of Islām. Who does not know that Īmān, Islām, Ṣalāh, Zakāt, Ṣaum and ḥajj used to be used according to their respective lexical meanings? However, once Islām dawned in the world, these words had specific Shar’ī meanings attached to them. These words were then used for these meanings. These Shar’ī meanings had a totally new standing and new specialties, even though the lexical and Shar’ī meanings had some link and association between themselves.

Now, to abandon these Shar’ī meanings – which are the objective – and take the lexical meaning and use the words for the lexical meaning, thereby, making the Shar’ī technical meanings deferential to the lexicon, rendering the Shar’ī position and specialities of the words void, this will be Ilḥād fid-Dīn. All the scholars of the Ummah, the early day scholars, as well as the latter-day scholars have unanimously declared this as Ilḥād and Zandaqah.   

Ḥujjat-ul-Islām Imām Ghazālī raḥimahullāh had penned a work on this particular topic, called ‘Fayṣal At-Tafruqah bayn Al-Islām waz Zandaqah’. He also wrote ‘Qānūn At-Ta’wīl’ covering the aspects related to Ilḥad and Zandaqah.

One of the latter-day works, brilliantly penned and comprehensive in content is ‘Ikfār Al-Mulḥidīn fī Ḍarūriyyāt Ad-Dīn’ by Mawlānā Muḥammad Anwar Shāh Kashmīrī raḥimahullāh.

These valuable treasures by the master scholars of Islām are essential tools for scholars today, to be used fully to deal with the Modernist Menace that is eroding the beliefs and practices of true and sincere Muslims worldwide. May Allāh Ta’ālā accept us all to defend Islām from the modernist attack. Āmīn   

Source:

Baṣā’ir wa ‘Ibar vol.2 p.246, Maktabah Bayyinat, Karachi

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